Eco-friendly synthesis of Mgo nanoparticles from Azadirachta Indica and their XRD analysis with antibacterial and antifungal studies

Abstract

Azadirachta Indica is a medicinal plant used in traditional medicine due to bioactive constituents for a variety of human ailments as domestic treatment, including its parts, such as stem, leaves, roots, bark, flowers, and fruit. Antimicrobial and insecticide agents were observed in the derived extract. Over microbes, fewer biohazards, and safe and easily available plant extracts are favored for the production of nanomaterials. Unique properties of metal/metal oxide nanoparticles have widespread applications in multiple domains of technology and science. The aim of our study is to synthesize MgO NPs from Azadirachta indica by using Magnesium Acetate, its XRD analysis, and antimicrobial studies. In NPs synthesis, Azadirachta indica acts as a stabilizing and reducing agent. And characterization of NPs is done through XRD analysis to confirm its semi-crystalline structure embedded in amorphous background. Antibacterial bioassays show that Neem-mediated MgO NPs have enhanced antimicrobial activity than Neem extract against Ecoli, P. aeruginosa and S.aureus due to increased surface area, oxidative stress induction, and phytochemical effects. In antifungal assays Neem-mediated MgO NPs showed enhanced antifungal activity through various mechanisms i.e. spore germination destruction, ergosterol synthesis in fungal cell membrane, and ROS-mediated cell death. These findings suggest the NPs as a promising candidate for biomedical applications. The incorporation of nanotechnology with plant extract is an ecofriendly, effective and sustainable approach to develop a best biomedical solution. By utilizing both the wisdom of nature and nanoscience we can address the health challenges like antibiotic resistance, chronic wound infections, site-specific delivery, and open way for safe therapeutics in the future.