Eco-Friendly Fabrication of Nigella Sativa-Mediated Magnesium Acetate Nanoparticles For Biomedical Potential

Abstract

The development of green nanotechnology provides a more sustainable method of nanoparticle synthesis, minimizing environmental risks and improving biomedical relevance. In this work, the green synthesis of magnesium oxide (MgO) nanoparticles via Nigella sativa (Kalonji) seed extract was achieved, where Nigella sativa is a plant that has a dense phytochemical profile and therapeutic uses. The bioactive molecules and natural antioxidants present in N. sativa serve as reducing and stabilizing agents in the formation of nanoparticles, enabling an eco-friendly, economical, and non-toxic synthesis process. Characterization of the synthesized MgO nanoparticles by X-ray Diffraction (XRD) revealed their crystalline structure, purity, and nanoscale dimension. Biological activities of the nanoparticles were assessed and found to possess high antibacterial and antifungal activities against different pathogenic strains. The bio functional MgO nanoparticles also possessed outstanding antioxidant activity and are thus potential candidates for biomedical applications, including antimicrobial coatings, wound healing, and drug delivery. The combination of the intrinsic antimicrobial activity of MgO and the medicinal activity of Nigella sativa increases their therapeutic value overall. This environmentally friendly synthesis route not only fosters sustainability but also helps to create safe, efficient nanomaterials for a wide range of biomedical applications.